{"id":1876,"date":"2016-12-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-12-19T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jeanleon.com\/2016\/12\/19\/la-ciencia\/"},"modified":"2023-09-05T10:37:13","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T10:37:13","slug":"la-ciencia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jeanleon.com\/ca\/la-ciencia\/","title":{"rendered":"La ci\u00e8ncia que hi ha darrere el vi (2\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ampelografia\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c9s\u00a0la ci\u00e8ncia que estudia la identificaci\u00f3, descripci\u00f3 i caracteritzaci\u00f3 de les diferents varietats. Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s la ci\u00e8ncia responsable de meravellosos descobriments gen\u00e8tics que expliquen l’origen de moltes varietats.<\/p>\n

Fisiologia<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c9s\u00a0la ci\u00e8ncia que estudia els cicles vegetatius de la vinya, el sistema radicular (en bot\u00e0nica, es denomina sistema radicular al conjunt d’arrels d’una mateixa planta) l’absorci\u00f3 d’aigua, l’obtenci\u00f3 de mat\u00e8ria org\u00e0nica i de minerals del s\u00f2l, la fotos\u00edntesi i el repartiment dels productes que s’hi generen. Tamb\u00e9 del metabolisme secundari vegetal, el creixement i desenvolupament de les llavors… En definitiva, controlar i con\u00e8ixer qu\u00e8 li passa a la planta al llarg del seu cicle vegetatiu i de maduraci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Cal destacar que el canvi clim\u00e0tic pot influir de manera molt notable en la fisiologia. A tall d’exemple, en els pa\u00efsos mediterranis, durant l’hivern, la planta sempre ha estat en letargia hivernal. Si els hiverns en un futur s\u00f3n massa c\u00e0lids, les vinyes podrien estar en \u00abactiu\u00bb tot l’any. Aix\u00f2 provocaria que la planta produeixi m\u00e9s d’una collita, un fet que tindria una incid\u00e8ncia negativa en la qualitat del ra\u00efm. Aix\u00f2 ja passa a Tail\u00e0ndia, amb dues collites cada any.<\/p>\n

Enginyeria agron\u00f2mica<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amb tota aquesta informaci\u00f3, l’enginyeria agron\u00f2mica estableix el disseny de la plantaci\u00f3 definint par\u00e0metres com el marc de plantaci\u00f3, l’orientaci\u00f3 de la vinya, la distancia entre les plantes, la distancia entre les fileres, l’altura de la palissada, els desaig\u00fces per on s’evacua l’aigua de la pluja i fins i tot el tipus de suport (o no) del cep.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00edmica i microbiologia<\/strong><\/p>\n

De portes (de bodega) cap endins, aquestes s\u00f3n les ci\u00e8ncies protagonistes. La qu\u00edmica<\/strong> \u00e9s indispensable per analitzar els components del ra\u00efm i controlar tot el proc\u00e9s de vinificaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

La major part dels composts arom\u00e0tics que ens troben en el vi procedeixen de les pells del ra\u00efm, on es troben inicialment en forma de precursors, alliberats pels llevats durant la fermentaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Altres composts procedeixen de l’evoluci\u00f3 del vi en contacte amb la b\u00f3ta (evoluci\u00f3 oxidativa) o de reaccions que tenen lloc entre les mateixes aromes al llarg de l’evoluci\u00f3 a la botella (evoluci\u00f3 reductiva). Els composts fen\u00f2lics que donen lloc a l’estructura i astring\u00e8ncia del vi negre s’extreuen tamb\u00e9 de la maceraci\u00f3 en contacte amb les pells al llarg de la fermentaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Per altra banda, la microbiologia<\/strong>, s’ocupa de l’estudi de microorganismes com els llevats, b\u00e0sics en el proc\u00e9s de fermentaci\u00f3 alcoh\u00f2lica del vi, on t\u00e9 lloc la transformaci\u00f3 del sucre en alcohol.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s fonamental treballar amb llevats seleccionats que ens garanteixen unes propietats organol\u00e8ptiques del vi adequades i un bon final de fermentaci\u00f3. Els bacteris l\u00e0ctics s\u00f3n fonamentals per portar a terme la segona fermentaci\u00f3, on es transforma l’\u00e0cid m\u00e0lic en \u00e0cid l\u00e0ctic. Els vins perden acidesa en aquest proc\u00e9s per\u00f2 guanyen complexitat. En general, a l’\u00e0rea del mediterrani, tots els vins negres la fan i nom\u00e9s alguns blancs amb nivells d’acidesa molt elevats l’arriben a fer de manera parcial i en alguns casos completa.<\/p>\n

Podr\u00edem trobar molts m\u00e9s exemples de l’impacte de la ci\u00e8ncia en el vi. Cada una de les decisions que es van portant a terme al llarg del proc\u00e9s, tindran una incid\u00e8ncia directa en la qualitat final de vi. Despr\u00e9s, tastadors i\u00a0winelovers\u00a0posaran en marxa la maquin\u00e0ria fisiol\u00f2gica i bioqu\u00edmica, pr\u00f2pia de l’\u00e9sser hum\u00e0, per afinar els sentits i identificar aromes i sabors, que com hem vist, els trobem a la copa gr\u00e0cies a una gran quantitat de treball i coneixement.<\/p>\n

Salut, bon vi i ci\u00e8ncia!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ampelografia\u00a0 \u00c9s\u00a0la ci\u00e8ncia que estudia la identificaci\u00f3, descripci\u00f3 i caracteritzaci\u00f3 de les diferents varietats. Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s la ci\u00e8ncia responsable de meravellosos descobriments gen\u00e8tics que expliquen l’origen de moltes varietats. Fisiologia \u00c9s\u00a0la ci\u00e8ncia que estudia els cicles vegetatius de la vinya, el sistema radicular (en bot\u00e0nica, es denomina sistema radicular al conjunt d’arrels d’una mateixa planta) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":480,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vi"],"yoast_head":"\nLa ci\u00e8ncia que hi ha darrere el vi (2\/2) - Jean Leon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ampelografia, fisiologia, Enginyeria agron\u00f2mica, Qu\u00edmica i microbiologia...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jeanleon.com\/ca\/la-ciencia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La ci\u00e8ncia que hi ha darrere el vi (2\/2) - 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